What is the Bo tree in Sri Lanka?

The Bo tree is the local name for Ficus religiosa, the sacred fig associated with the Buddha's enlightenment. In Sri Lanka it is planted at virtually every Buddhist temple and is the focus of regular devotional observances. The most venerated specimen is the Sri Maha Bodhi in Anuradhapura, believed to be over 2,000 years old.

What is Ficus religiosa used for in Ayurveda?

In Ayurvedic practice, the bark, leaves, fruit, latex, and aerial roots of Ficus religiosa are all used. Common applications include preparations for skin conditions, wound healing, gum disease, respiratory complaints such as asthma, and digestive disorders. The tree is formally catalogued as an Ayurvedic medicinal plant in Sri Lanka.

How old is the sacred Bo tree in Anuradhapura?

The Sri Maha Bodhi in Anuradhapura is believed to have been planted in the 3rd century BCE, making it over 2,300 years old and widely cited as the oldest human-planted tree in recorded history. It was reputedly grown from a cutting of the original Bodhi tree in Bodh Gaya, India, brought to Sri Lanka by Sanghamitta Thero during the reign of King Devanampiya Tissa.

Is Ficus religiosa the same as a banyan tree?

No. Ficus religiosa (sacred fig or Bo tree) and Ficus benghalensis (banyan) are distinct species. The banyan is notable for its extensive aerial prop roots that form secondary trunks; the Bo tree has a simpler root system and is identified most easily by its long-tipped, heart-shaped leaves. Both are members of the Moraceae family.

Can Ficus religiosa be grown as a houseplant or bonsai?

Yes. Ficus religiosa is a popular bonsai subject because it tolerates root restriction and pruning well, and older specimens develop attractive, fissured grey bark. As a houseplant it requires bright indirect light and protection from frost. In tropical and subtropical climates it can be grown outdoors year-round.

What wildlife is attracted to Ficus religiosa trees?

The ripe figs of Ficus religiosa attract a wide range of birds, including green pigeons, barbets, mynas, and hornbills, as well as fruit bats and flying foxes. Because the tree often fruits in urban or peri-urban settings where other fruiting trees are absent, it acts as a critical food resource for wildlife in settled landscapes.

Is it allowed to take Bo tree cuttings or seeds out of Sri Lanka?

Exporting plant material from Sri Lanka is subject to phytosanitary regulations, and removing cuttings from temple trees without permission would be considered deeply disrespectful regardless of legality. Commercially propagated Ficus specimens prepared for export by licensed vendors are a permissible alternative for travellers wishing to grow the tree at home.