Question 1

What is Xylocarpus rumphii used for in Ayurveda?

Accepted Answer

In Sri Lankan Ayurvedic tradition, various parts of Xylocarpus rumphii — particularly the bark — are used in preparations for gastrointestinal complaints such as diarrhoea and dysentery, as well as for fevers and inflammatory conditions. Seed extracts have also been used in some communities for skin conditions. These applications are rooted in traditional practice and should be pursued under qualified Ayurvedic guidance.

Question 2

Where does Xylocarpus rumphii grow?

Accepted Answer

Xylocarpus rumphii grows in tidal and estuarine mangrove forests across South and Southeast Asia, including Sri Lanka. In Sri Lanka, it is found along the western, southern, and northwestern coastlines in brackish water environments. It is not found in inland forests.

Question 3

What does Xylocarpus rumphii look like?

Accepted Answer

The tree reaches roughly 5–10 metres in height and is most recognisable by its large, spherical woody fruit that contains interlocking angular seeds — a feature that gives it the common name 'puzzle-fruit tree'. The bark is smooth and reddish-brown, and the leaves are pinnate with glossy leaflets.

Question 4

Is Xylocarpus rumphii the same as the cannonball mangrove?

Accepted Answer

Yes, Xylocarpus rumphii is commonly referred to as the cannonball mangrove or puzzle-fruit tree. These names refer to the distinctive large, round fruit the tree produces. It belongs to the family Meliaceae and is closely related to Xylocarpus granatum.

Question 5

What are the active compounds found in Xylocarpus rumphii?

Accepted Answer

Phytochemical research has identified limonoid compounds — a class of triterpenoids — in the seeds and bark of Xylocarpus rumphii. These compounds have been studied in laboratory settings for potential antimicrobial, antimalarial, insecticidal, and antitumour activities, providing a biochemical basis for some traditional Ayurvedic applications.

Question 6

Is Xylocarpus rumphii protected in Sri Lanka?

Accepted Answer

Mangrove forests in Sri Lanka, including the habitats where Xylocarpus rumphii grows, are legally protected ecosystems. Collecting plant material from wild stands without appropriate authorisation is prohibited. Conservation of these habitats is a priority given their role in coastal protection and biodiversity.

Question 7

How is Xylocarpus rumphii different from Xylocarpus granatum?

Accepted Answer

Both species grow in mangrove habitats and are closely related, but Xylocarpus granatum tends to have more prominently buttressed plank roots and slightly different leaf morphology. Xylocarpus rumphii typically has smoother bark and may show knee-like root structures. Confirmed identification often requires reference to botanical collections.