Question 1

What is Bruguiera gymnorhiza used for in traditional medicine?

Accepted Answer

In Sri Lanka's ayurvedic tradition, the bark of Bruguiera gymnorhiza has been used in preparations for skin conditions, wound healing, and fever management, largely attributed to its high tannin content and astringent properties. The plant is formally listed in Sri Lanka's catalog of ayurvedic medicinal plants under the reference LK94005912. Contemporary research is investigating several bioactive compounds in the species, including flavonoids and phenolic acids, for potential antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity.

Question 2

Where can I see Bruguiera gymnorhiza in Sri Lanka?

Accepted Answer

This mangrove species occurs in sheltered tidal estuaries and lagoons along Sri Lanka's western and southern coasts. The Madu Ganga wetland system near Balapitiya and the mangrove belt around Negombo Lagoon are among the most accessible sites for visitors. A guided boat journey through the tidal channels offers the closest view of the trees, their knee roots, and associated wildlife.

Question 3

What are knee roots and why does Bruguiera gymnorhiza have them?

Accepted Answer

Knee roots, also called loop pneumatophores, are curved, upward-projecting root extensions that allow the tree to absorb oxygen from the air even when the surrounding muddy substrate is waterlogged and oxygen-depleted. Bruguiera gymnorhiza relies on these structures because its roots grow in anaerobic tidal mud where conventional root respiration is impossible. They are a defining feature that distinguishes this genus from other mangrove groups.

Question 4

Is Bruguiera gymnorhiza endangered?

Accepted Answer

The species itself is assessed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List globally. However, the mangrove ecosystems in which it grows have faced significant pressure from coastal development and aquaculture in Sri Lanka and across its range. Since 2015, Sri Lanka has legally protected all mangrove forests, which has helped slow habitat loss for this and other mangrove species.

Question 5

Why do Bruguiera gymnorhiza seeds germinate on the tree?

Accepted Answer

This phenomenon is called vivipary and is an adaptation to the challenging intertidal environment. By germinating before detaching from the parent plant, the seedling — known as a propagule — already has a head start in development and can establish itself quickly when it lands in suitable mud. This gives it a survival advantage over seeds that would simply fall into saline water and risk being carried away or buried before germination.

Question 6

How does mangrove forest protect Sri Lanka's coastline?

Accepted Answer

Mangrove forests, including stands of Bruguiera gymnorhiza, stabilise coastal sediments, reduce erosion, and dissipate wave energy. They acted as a partial buffer in some areas during the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, and this protective role has since been central to coastal management policy in Sri Lanka. Intact mangrove belts also support fisheries productivity by providing nursery habitat for juvenile marine species.

Question 7

What other plants are listed in Sri Lanka's ayurvedic medicinal plant catalog?

Accepted Answer

Sri Lanka's ayurvedic pharmacopoeia is extensive, reflecting the island's high botanical diversity. Notable entries alongside Bruguiera gymnorhiza include Pongamia pinnata, Acacia chundra, and many species used in classical formulations. The catalog serves as a reference for practitioners and researchers working within the country's officially recognised system of traditional medicine.